What do A1, A2, B1 and B2 mean?

German courses have levels from A1 to C2. Here you find out what they mean and what you need a certificate for.

For languages there are 6 levels: A1, A2, B1, B2, C1, C2. A1 is the beginning. C2 is almost like a mother tongue. Courses and tests use these levels.

The levels simply explained

  • A1: You understand and say very simple sentences. For example: introducing yourself, shopping.
  • A2: You talk about daily life, family and work. In short sentences.
  • B1: You understand most conversations in daily life. You talk about experiences.
  • B2: You speak fluently about many topics. You understand longer texts.

What do you need a certificate for?

For some permits you must prove your German. For example for permit B, permit C or naturalisation. The exact level depends on the permit.

Ask the Amt für Migration or FABIA. This entry is not legal advice.

A certificate (Nachweis) is a test result or a diploma. Authorities accept the fide test, the fide dossier or recognised certificates.

The fide test

fide is the Swiss language test for daily life. It tests the levels A1 to B1. There is a part «Speaking and Understanding» and a part «Reading and Writing».

After the test you get a language passport (Sprachenpass). It states your level. You register with a test centre. The test costs money. Ask for the price.

What you can do now

  1. Estimate your level. A course provider does a placement test with you.
  2. Ask the Amt für Migration which level you need.
  3. Register for the fide test if you need a certificate.
  4. Ask FABIA if you are unsure. The counselling is free.

fide (im Auftrag des SEM), Sprachnachweis für Aufenthalt und Einbürgerung (2026-09-21)

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